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EPIC Alert 12.16 [2005] EPICAlert 17
EPIC ALERT
Volume 12.16 August 11, 2005
Published by the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC)
Washington, D.C.
http://www.epic.org/alert/EPIC_Alert_12.16.html
Table of Contents
[1] EPIC Opposes Georgia's Proposed ID Requirement for Voters
[2] Coalition Urges Court to Strike National Security Letter Authority
[3] Spotlight: Unmanned Planes Allow Secret Surveillance of Civilians
[4] Privacy Groups, Senators Oppose Preempting Anti-Telemarketing Laws
[5] EPIC: US-VISIT's Wireless Travel ID Plan is Flawed
[6] News in Brief
[7] EPIC Bookstore: Sheldon Charrett's "Modern Identity Changer"
[8] Upcoming Conferences and Events
[1] EPIC Opposes Georgia's Proposed ID Requirement for Voters
EPIC has submitted comments to the Department of Justice in oppositionto Georgia's proposal to require citizens to provide a government-issuedphoto
ID to vote in a state or federal election. EPIC's opposes theproposal because it will negatively impact voter privacy, discouragevoter
turnout, and is inconsistent with the federal Help America VoteAct.
Under the 1965 Voting Rights Act, Georgia, along with a number of otherstates, must submit any changes in voting laws to the Justice
Departmentfor approval, in what is called "pre-clearance," before they can beimplemented.
EPIC's comments to the Justice Department stress the privacyimplications of the Georgia proposal to require citizens to present oneof
a very narrow set of government-issued identification documents inorder to vote. The most common form of identification likely to
be used
-- a Georgia driver's license -- was designed for and continues to beused to prove competence for operating a motor vehicle.
The information provided on a driver's license can disclose much morepersonal information than what is required to prove identity
for votingpurposes. This information includes the voter's name, photographiclikeness, age, height, weight, driver's license number,
restrictionsowing to disability or impairment (such as imperfect vision orprosthetic limbs), and fingerprints. Furthermore, the state
of Georgia,not the applicant, has sole control over the information placed into astate-issued identification card, which is likely
to be expanded underthe REAL ID Act.
EPIC also pointed out that the elderly, the poor, and the disabled wereless likely to posses a state driver's license than other eligiblevoters.
Georgia Secretary of State Cathy Cox has objected to themeasure. She said that there have been no reports of peopleimpersonating
voters at the polls.
The Voting Rights Act was passed in response to the efforts of certainstates to impose barriers to voting and discourage voter turnout.
EPIC's Comments to the Department of Justice (pdf):
http://www.epic.org/privacy/voting/comments_ga_hb244.pdf
EPIC's Voting Privacy Page:
http://www.epic.org/privacy/voting
National Committee for Voting Integrity:
http://www.votingintegrity.org
Department of Justice's Voting Rights Laws Page:
http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/voting/intro/intro_b.htm
[2] Coalition Urges Court to Strike National Security Letter Authority
EPIC and a coalition of open government organizations filed a "friend ofthe court" brief in Gonzales v. Doe, a lawsuit concerning
the FBI'sauthority to issue national security letters to businesses for certaincustomer records without judicial approval. This investigative
power,which is part of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, also imposesa permanent nondisclosure order prohibiting the recipient
from evertelling anyone he has received a national security letter.
Last year, an anonymous Internet service provider and the ACLUchallenged the constitutionality of this broad authority, arguing thatit
violates the First and Fourth Amendments because the law fails toprovide adequate checks on the FBI's power to force companies to
turnover sensitive customer information. They also argued that the "gag"
provision violates the First Amendment because it completely andpermanently forbids every recipient from disclosing the fact that
hereceived a national security letter -- regardless of whether such asweeping ban is actually necessary.
A federal court in New York found the power unconstitutional on FirstAmendment grounds in September. The government is now challenging
thatruling in the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.
The amicus brief, which was co-authored by EPIC and the NationalSecurity Archive, argues that the courts must provide meaningfuloversight
of the government's investigative activity, and that the FBI'snational security letter power undermines government accountability.
Other organizations supporting the brief include the Project onGovernment Secrecy of the Federation of American Scientists and theNational
Whistleblower Coalition.
The amicus brief (pdf):
http://www.epic.org/open_gov/nsl/secrecy_amicus.pdf
Lower court opinion (2.1 MB pdf):
http://www.epic.org/open_gov/nsl/nsl_decision_0904.pdf
More information about the case:
http://www.aclu.org/SafeandFree/SafeandFree.cfm?ID=15543&c=262
[3] Spotlight: Unmanned Planes Allow Secret Surveillance of Civilians
This month's Spotlight on Surveillance shines on unmanned aerialvehicles (UAVs), equipped with cameras and sensors that producehigh-resolution
imagery and track moving targets. UAVs, which cost$350,000 to $4.5 million each, were designed for military use and havebeen deployed
in Afghanistan and Iraq. Now this military technologycould be used by the federal government for aerial surveillance ofcivilians
in the United States.
Customs and Border Protection, a part of the Department of HomelandSecurity, has tested UAVs along the Mexican border, and is consideringusing
these surveillance planes permanently. The Coast Guard, also underthe umbrella of Homeland Security, has bought 45 of Bell Helicopter's"Eagle
Eye" tilt-rotor UAVs and will begin rolling them out inSeptember. Each Eagle Eye costs $5.5 million. The U.S. military has usedUAVs
in reconnaissance missions in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, andsome are equipped with weapons.
The "Predator B" UAVs was tested in 2003 and 2004 in the U.S. by theBorder Patrol and the Coast Guard. "Hermes 450" UAVs scanned theArizona-Mexico
border in 2004. The Border Patrol is expected to conducta second test of UAVs along the Arizona-Mexico border in September. TheDepartment
of Homeland Security also plans to test the UAVs along theCanadian border and in Puerto Rico.
UAVs are touted as being less expensive and safer than manned aircraft.
However, the surveillance planes are prone to crashing, and areexpensive to replace. Another problem is that UAV images can bedistorted
by inclement weather, cloudy conditions, high humidity, roughterrain and dense foliage.
This increase in surveillance and monitoring systems has not helped theBorder Patrol's bottom line -- apprehensions. In 2000, there
were 1.6million apprehensions. Every year since then, the number has steadilyfallen to half that - in 2004, there were 800,000 apprehensions.
Also, areport about UAVs prepared earlier this year for Congress warned thatthe surveillance planes' effectiveness "may not be so
significant whenterrorists, like the September 11 hijackers, can and have entered thecountry through more easily accessible official
ports of entry."
EPIC's August 2005 Spotlight on Surveillance:
http://www.epic.org/privacy/surveillance/0805
[4] Privacy Groups, Senators Oppose Preempting Anti-Telemarketing Laws
In a submission to the Federal Communications Commission, EPIC and 11consumer advocacy groups urged the agency not to determine that
federallaw "preempts," or supercedes, strong state anti-telemarketingprotections. The submission responded to a series of petitions
filed bybanks, major retailers, and telemarketers that sought to invalidate allstate telemarketing laws. Invalidation of these laws
would lead to anincrease of unwanted telemarketing.
Several of the businesses' petitions focused on forcing states torecognize large loopholes in federal regulations concerning "establishedbusiness
relationships" and "pre-recorded voice" telemarketing. Theestablished business relationship loophole allows companies to contacttheir
current customers, even if they are on the Do-Not-Call Registry.
While this sounds reasonable, the loophole is overbroad because anypurchase, no matter how small, or a simple request for information,creates
an established business relationship. Pre-recorded voicetelemarketing is a practice where a telemarketer uses a computer to calland
deliver a message automatically. Telemarketers add "ums" andbackground noises to the recorded message to fool the listener intothinking
that the call is from a live person. Unlike live telemarketing,pre-recorded voice requires the fewer resources, allowing telemarketersto
initiate millions of calls per day.
EPIC's comments argue that telemarketers have not met the legal burdennecessary to support preemption of the state laws. Well-established
caselaw holds that the telemarketers must show that Congresses clearlyintended to invalidate state laws. However, federal law is
silent onthe issue, and Congress has had numerous opportunities to invalidatelaws that telemarketers have had to comply with for
almost 15 years.
The comments also argue that technically, telemarketers can comply withstate and federal privacy regulations. There are many examples
of datacompanies that can "segment" the public, down to the zip code level, andtreat people differently. These profiling technologies,
EPIC argued,could be employed to comply with state and federal mandates.
Sen. Bill Nelson and nine other senators from states that would beaffected by the FCC's decision wrote separately to oppose preemption
ofthe state anti-telemarketing laws. DMNews reported that over 8,000consumers filed comments opposing preemption.
Coalition Comments Against Preemption:
http://epic.org/privacy/telemarketing/tcpacomm7.29.05.html
Letter from 10 U.S. Senators Opposing Preemption (pdf):
http://epic.org/privacy/telemarketing/sen_letter72905.pdf
EPIC's Telemarketing Preemption Page:
http://epic.org/privacy/telemarketing/preemptiveattack.html
[5] EPIC: US-VISIT's Wireless Travel ID Plan is Flawed
In comments to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), EPIC has urgedthe agency to abandon a proposal to embed Radio Frequency
Identification(RFID) tags into the Form I-94 or Form I-94W, which is theArrival-Departure record issued to a traveler to the United
States.
US-VISIT will test the use of passive RFID tags to "automatically,passively, and remotely" record the entry and exit of coveredindividuals,
DHS said. EPIC said the plan lacks basic privacy andsecurity safeguards, and repeats many of the problems with thecontroversial proposal
of the State Department for wireless passports.
The problems with the proposal to use RFID-enabled I-94 forms are verysimilar to the problems found in the State Department's flawed
proposalto include RFID tags in U.S. passports. The State Department isreassessing the plan after receiving a storm of criticism
from civilliberties, security and privacy groups, including EPIC. Problems in thepassport proposal, which are also problems in the
RFID-enabled I-94 formproposal, include skimming and eavesdropping. Skimming occurs wheninformation from an RFID chip is surreptitiously
gathered by anunauthorized individual. Eavesdropping occurs when an individualintercepts data as it is read by an authorized RFID
reader. Tests haveshown that RFID tags can be read from thirty feet or more, posing asignificant risk of unauthorized access.
Another significant security risk inherent in the RFID proposal is thatof clandestine tracking. DHS itself has said that there is
a risk thatthe RFID tag "could be used to conduct surreptitious locationalsurveillance of an individual; i.e., to use the presence
of the tag tofollow an individual as he or she moves about in the U.S." Anytime avisitor is carrying his I-94 RFID-enabled form,
his uniqueidentification number, which is linked to his individual biographicinformation, could be accessed by unauthorized individuals.
So long asthe RFID tag can be read by unauthorized individuals, foreign visitorscould be identified as such merely because they carry
an RFID-enabledI-94 form.
EPIC has submitted a series of comments on database proposals undertakenby the DHS regarding the development of the US-VISIT program.
InFebruary 2004, we wrote to urge DHS to determine how it will applyPrivacy Act obligations to the program and to prohibit the expansion
ofUS-VISIT uses outside the program's defined mission. In November 2004,we warned DHS that, in its continued implementation of US-VISIT,
it mustevaluate the accuracy and security of its pilot program, and recognize aright of judicial review for individuals adversely
affected by theprogram.
EPIC's recent comments (in html and pdf):
http://www.epic.org/privacy/us-visit/comments080405.html
http://www.epic.org/privacy/us-visit/comments080405.pdf
EPIC's US-VISIT page:
http://www.epic.org/privacy/us-visit/
EPIC's RFID page:
http://www.epic.org/privacy/rfid/
[6] News in Brief
EPIC Wins ABA Cyberspace AwardEPIC received the American Bar Association Cyberspace Law ExcellenceAward at the annual ABA Conference
in Chicago. The Award recognizessubstantial contributions to the development of the law of cyberspacethrough scholarship, participation
in the legislative process, orlitigation. EPIC was cited for addressing the challenge of security andprivacy "not in the heat of
the moment or only in partisan arenas, butdeliberately, neutrally, and thoughtfully." The ABA Cyberspace LawCommittee said, "EPIC's
efforts in this vein have served us all well."
ABA Cyberspace Law Committee:
http://aba-cyberspace.blogspot.com/Court Dismisses Privacy Lawsuit Against Jet BlueA New York district court last week dismissed a nationwide class actionprivacy lawsuit
against JetBlue Airways, data aggregator AcxiomCorporation, and government contractors SRS Technologies and TorchConcepts. The suit
was based on the transfer of passenger informationfrom JetBlue and Acxiom to Torch Concepts for a Pentagon data miningstudy. JetBlue
passengers argued that the disclosure of their personalinformation without their knowledge or consent violated the ElectronicCommunications
Privacy Act, as well as state privacy laws and torts.
JetBlue admitted that the disclosure contradicted its publicly postedprivacy policy. The judge found, however, that the passengers
did notprove they were harmed by the disclosure, and were therefore notentitled to damages. The passenger data disclosure led EPIC
to file acomplaint with the Federal Trade Commission in 2003 arguing that thepassenger data transfers violated JetBlue and Acxiom's
privacy policies,and were therefore an unfair and deceptive trade practice. (See EPICAlert 10.20.) The Commission has not publicly
announced a decision oraction in response to the complaint.
The decision (pdf):
http://www.epic.org/privacy/airtravel/jetblue/decision_0705.pdf
EPIC's complaint to the Federal Trade Commission:
http://www.epic.org/privacy/airtravel/jetblue/ftccomplaint.html
EPIC's Air Travel Privacy Page:
http://www.epic.org/privacy/airtravel/passengerdata/
Wiretap Mandates Extended to Broadband, Internet TelephonyResponding to a petition by federal law enforcement agencies, theFederal
Communications Commission has determined that the CommunicationsAssistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) applies to broadband Internetproviders
and Internet telephony. As a result, some providers of bothservices will have to make their systems easier to wiretap. Passed in1994,
CALEA requires telecommunications providers to customize theirsystems so that law enforcement can easily surveil wire and electroniccommunications.
The FCC order does not specify how service providersmust alter their systems, the amount of wiretapping that the systemsmust accommodate,
enforcement of the requirements, or the amountproviders will be reimbursed for wiretapping. Companies have 18 monthsto comply with
the mandate.
FCC Order (pdf):
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-260434A1.pdf
EPIC's Comments to the FCC Opposing CALEA Expansion (pdf):
http://www.epic.org/privacy/wiretap/calea/caleacomment4.12.04.pdf
EPIC's Letter to the FCC Opposing CALEA Expansion:
http://www.epic.org/privacy/voip/fccltr12.15.03.html
British Government Embeds RFID Chips Into License PlatesThe British government is preparing to test new high-tech license platescontaining
Radio Frequency Identification chips capable of transmittingunique vehicle identification numbers and other data to readers morethan
300 feet away. "A single reader can identify dozens of vehiclesfitted with an e-Plate moving at any speed at a distance of up to
100metres [328 feet]," according to e-Plate manufacturer HillsNumberplates. The RFID-enabled license plates can cost up to 10 timesmore
than regular plates. The British government will begin using themlater this year.
Hills Numberplates' E-Plates:
http://www.e-plate.com/
EPIC's RFID page:
http://www.epic.org/privacy/rfid/
Googling of Google's CEO Causes ConsternationAccording to CNET News, Google has blacklisted the entire news agencybecause one of its
reporters published an article that includedinformation on Google's CEO gleaned from the company's own searchengine. The article,
by Elinor Mills, explored the difficult privacyissues implicated by search engines, and began with a listing ofpersonal interests
and basic biographical information about Google CEOEric Schmidt. Google's retaliation is interesting because the companylargely hasn't
confronted the privacy implications of its own products.
The company manages privacy issues by claiming that it strictly followsa "don't be evil" mantra. But "don't be evil" differs substantially
from"be good." And while Google itself avoids being "evil," users of itstools and the steadily growing pot of publicly available
personalinformation, are not bound to such commandments.
CNET News Story on Google and Privacy:
http://news.com.com/2102-1032_3-5787483.html?tag=st.util.print
EPIC's Page on Google Gmail:
http://www.epic.org/privacy/gmail/faq.html
[7] EPIC Bookstore: Sheldon Charrett's "Modern Identity Changer"
Sheldon Charrett, The Modern Identity Changer: How to Create a NewIdentity for Privacy and Personal Freedom (Paladin Press, 2004)
http://www.epic.org/bookstore/powells/redirect/alert1216.html
"As governments worldwide have increased their stranglehold on thepersonal information of ordinary citizens, advocates of new andalternate
identities have developed creative new methods and modes ofthinking to meet the challenge. Sheldon Charrett is a long-time fighterfor
identity freedom, and now has taken the battle into the challengingarena of the 21st century.
In this revised and updated edition of his best-selling book The ModernIdentity Changer, you will learn how to acquire a new identity,
producethe documents necessary to support it, and obtain residence, credit,employment and banking privileges to enjoy it. Read all-new
and expandedinformation on:
-- evaluating the pros and cons of segmented ID change vs. total IDchange
-- creating alternate identity documents from scratch
-- working around the onerous new rules for mail drops and privatemailboxes
-- establishing real estate residence without ever signing a document
-- making your own notary embossing plate
-- interpreting, applying for, and using Social Security numbersBesides getting Charrett’s latest solutions to Big Brother’s alarmingassaults
on privacy, you will also benefit from reader feedback on thefirst edition, with verified tips and tricks from the trenches in theongoing
struggle to maintain our cherished freedoms."
EPIC Publications:
"Privacy & Human Rights 2004: An International Survey of Privacy Lawsand Developments" (EPIC 2004). Price: $50.
http://www.epic.org/bookstore/phr2004This survey, by EPIC and Privacy International, reviews the state ofprivacy in more than sixty
countries around the world. The surveyexamines a wide range of privacy issues including data protection,passenger profiling, genetic
databases, video surveillance, ID systemsand freedom of information laws.
"FOIA 2004: Litigation Under the Federal Open Government Laws," HarryHammitt, David Sobel and Tiffany Stedman, editors (EPIC 2004).
Price:
$40. http://www.epic.org/bookstore/foia2004This is the standard reference work covering all aspects of the Freedomof Information Act, the Privacy Act, the Government in the SunshineAct, and the Federal Advisory Committee Act. The 22nd edition fullyupdates the manual
that lawyers, journalists and researchers haverelied on for more than 25 years. For those who litigate opengovernment cases (or
need to learn how to litigate them), this is anessential reference manual.
"The Public Voice WSIS Sourcebook: Perspectives on the World Summit onthe Information Society" (EPIC 2004). Price: $40.
http://www.epic.org/bookstore/pvsourcebookThis resource promotes a dialogue on the issues, the outcomes, and theprocess of the World
Summit on the Information Society (WSIS). Thisreference guide provides the official UN documents, regional andissue-oriented perspectives,
and recommendations and proposals forfuture action, as well as a useful list of resources and contacts forindividuals and organizations
that wish to become more involved in theWSIS process.
"The Privacy Law Sourcebook 2003: United States Law, International Law,and Recent Developments," Marc Rotenberg, editor (EPIC 2003).
Price:
$40. http://www.epic.org/bookstore/pls2003The "Physicians Desk Reference of the privacy world." An invaluableresource for students,
attorneys, researchers and journalists who needan up-to-date collection of U.S. and international privacy law, as wellas a comprehensive
listing of privacy resources.
"Filters and Freedom 2.0: Free Speech Perspectives on Internet ContentControls" (EPIC 2001). Price: $20.
http://www.epic.org/bookstore/filters2.0A collection of essays, studies, and critiques of Internet contentfiltering. These papers
are instrumental in explaining why filteringthreatens free expression.
"The Consumer Law Sourcebook 2000: Electronic Commerce and the GlobalEconomy," Sarah Andrews, editor (EPIC 2000). Price: $40.
http://www.epic.org/clsThe Consumer Law Sourcebook provides a basic set of materials forconsumers, policy makers, practitioners and
researchers who areinterested in the emerging field of electronic commerce. The focus ison framework legislation that articulates
basic rights for consumersand the basic responsibilities for businesses in the online economy.
"Cryptography and Liberty 2000: An International Survey of EncryptionPolicy," Wayne Madsen and David Banisar, authors (EPIC 2000).
Price:
$20. http://www.epic.org/bookstore/crypto00&
EPIC's third survey of encryption policies around the world. Theresults indicate that the efforts to reduce export controls on strongencryption
products have largely succeeded, although severalgovernments are gaining new powers to combat the perceived threats ofencryption
to law enforcement.
EPIC publications and other books on privacy, open government, freeexpression, crypto and governance can be ordered at:
EPIC Bookstore http://www.epic.org/bookstore "EPIC Bookshelf" at Powell's Books http://www.powells.com/features/epic/epic.html
EPIC also publishes EPIC FOIA Notes, which provides brief summariesof interesting documents obtained from government agencies under
theFreedom of Information Act.
Subscribe to EPIC FOIA Notes at:
https://mailman.epic.org/cgi-bin/control/foia_notes
[8] Upcoming Conferences and Events
Access to Information: Analyzing the State of the Law. RileyInformation Services. September 8, 2005. Ottawa, Ontario. For moreinformation:
http://www.rileyis.com/seminars/
5th Annual Future of Music Policy Summit. Future of Music Coalition.
September 11-13, 2005. Washington DC. For more information:
http://www.futureofmusic.org/events/summit05Conference On Passenger Facilitation & Immigration: Newest trends inachieving a seamless
experience in air travel International AirTransport Association (IATA) and Singapore Aviation Academy (SAA)
October 3-5, 2005 Singapore Aviation Academy. For more information:
http://www.saa.com.sg/conf_pax_facAccess & Privacy Workshop 2005: Toolkit For Change. Ontario Ministry ofGovernment Service’s Access
& Privacy Office. October 6- 7, 2005.
Toronto, Ontario. For more information:
http://www.governmentevents.ca/apw2005/
Public Voice Symposium: "Privacy and Data Protection in Latin America -
Analysis and Perspectives." Launch of the first Spanish version of"Privacy and Human Rights." October 20-21, 2005, Auditorio AlbertoLleras
Camargo de la Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia.
Organizers: Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), Grupo deEstudios en Internet, Comercio Electrónico, Telecomunicaciones eInformática
(GECTI), Law School of the Universidad de los Andes, Bogota,Colombia, Computer Professional for Social Responsibility-Peru(CPSR-Perú).
For more information:
http://www.thepublicvoice.org/events/bogota05/default.html.
6th Annual Privacy and Security Workshop. Centre for Innovation Law andPolicy (University of Toronto) and the Center for Applied CryptographicResearch
(University of Waterloo). November 3-4, 2005. University ofToronto. For more information:
http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/conferences/2005/psw/announcement.htmlThe World Summit on the Information Society. Government of
Tunisia.
November 16-18, 2005. Tunis, Tunisia. For more information:
http://www.itu.int/wsisInternet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Meeting.
November 30-December 4, 2005. Vancouver, Canada. For moreinformation: http://www.icann.org
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About EPIC
The Electronic Privacy Information Center is a public interest researchcenter in Washington, DC. It was established in 1994 to focus
publicattention on emerging privacy issues such as the Clipper Chip, theDigital Telephony proposal, national ID cards, medical record
privacy,and the collection and sale of personal information. EPIC publishes theEPIC Alert, pursues Freedom of Information Act litigation, and conductspolicy research. For more information, see http://www.epic.org orwrite EPIC, 1718 Connecticut Ave., NW,
Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009.
+1 202 483 1140 (tel), +1 202 483 1248 (fax).
If you'd like to support the work of the Electronic Privacy InformationCenter, contributions are welcome and fully tax-deductible.
Checksshould be made out to "EPIC" and sent to 1718 Connecticut Ave., NW,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009. Or you can contribute
online at:
http://www.epic.org/donateYour contributions will help support Freedom of Information Act andFirst Amendment litigation, strong and effective advocacy for the rightof privacy and efforts to oppose government regulation
of encryptionand expanding wiretapping powers.
Thank you for your support.
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