Project on International Courts and Tribunals (PICT) Resources

 

 

06/06/04

 

 

ICTR: Selected Bibliography

 

 

 

See also: “International Criminal Justice – Selected Bibliography” [available at: http://www.pict-pcti.org/research/int_crim_jst/bibliographies/International_Criminal_Justice.doc]

 

 

Adelman, Howard Suhrke, Astri, The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1999)

Akhavan, Payam, “Beyond Impunity: Can International Criminal Justice Prevent Future Atrocities?,” American Journal of International Law, v. 95 no. 1 (Jan. 2001), pp. 7-31.

—      T. Meron, W. H. Parks and P. Viseur-Sellers, “The Contribution of the Ad Hoc Tribunals to International Humanitarian Law,” American University International Law Review, v. 13 no. 6 (1998), pp. 1509-39.

—      “Justice and Reconciliation in the Great Lakes Region of Africa: The Contribution of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,” Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law v. 7 (Spring 1997), pp. 325-48.

—      “The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: The Politics and Pragmatics of Punishment,” American Journal of International Law, v. 90 (July 1996), pp. 501-10.

Alvarez, Jose, “Crimes of States/Crimes of Hate: Lessons from Rwanda”, Yale Journal of International Law, vol. 24 (1999), pp. 365-483.

Amnesty International, Rwanda: The Hidden Violence: “Disappearances” and Killings Continue (New York: Amnesty International, 1998)

—      Rwanda: Ending the Silence (New York: Amnesty International, 1997)

—      Rwanda: Crying Out for Justice (New York: Amnesty International, 1995)

Arbour, Louise, “The International Tribunals for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law in the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda,” McGill Law Journal, v. 46 no. 1 (Nov. 2000), pp. 195-201.

—      “History and Future of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda,” American University International Law Review v. 13, no. 6 (1998), pp. 1495-508.

Askin, Kelly D., “Judgments Rendered in 1999 by the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda: Tadic (App. Ch.); Aleksovski (ICTY); Jelisic (ICTY); Ruzindana &  Kayishema (ICTR); Serushago (ICTR); Rutaganda (ICTR),” ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, v. 6 no. 2 (Spring 2000), pp. 485-505.

—      “Sexual Violence in Decisions and Indictments of the Yugoslav and Rwandan Tribunals: Current Status,” American Journal of International Law, v. 93 no. 1 (Jan. 1999), pp. 92-123.

Bang-Jensen, Nina, T. Gjelten, R. Gutman, I. Nizich, and T. Warrick, “Tribunal Justice: The Challenges, the Record, and the Prospects [Panel Discussion],” American University International Law Review, v. 13, no. 6 (1998), pp. 1541-77.

Barnett, M.N., Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda (Cornell University Press, 2002)

Bassiouni, Cherif M., “From Versaille to Rwanda in Seventy-Five Years: The Need to Establish a Permanent International Criminal Court,” Harvard Human Rights Journal, vol. 10 (1997), pp. 11-62.

Beresford, Stuart, “Redressing the Wrongs of the International Justice System: Compensation for Persons Erroneously Detained, Prosecuted, or Convicted by the Ad Hoc Tribunals,” American Journal of International Law, v. 96 no. 3 (July 2002), pp. 628-46.

—      “In Pursuit of International Justice: The First Four-year Term of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,” Tulsa Journal of Comparative & International Law, v. 8 no. 1 (Fall 2000), pp. 99-132.

Boelaert-Suominen, Sonja, “Prosecuting Superiors for Crimes Committed by Subordinates: A
Discussion of the First Significant Case Law since the Second World War,” Virginia Journal of International Law, v. 41 no. 4 (Summer 2001), pp. 747-85.

Bradley, Evelyn, “In Search for Justice—A Truth and Reconciliation Commission for Rwanda,” Journal of International Law and Practice, v. 7 no. 2 (Summer 1998), pp. 129-58.

Bugingo, Francois, “Rwanda: Chronique d’un Genocide Previsible,” McGill Law Journal, vol. 46 (2000-2001), pp. 179-85.

Bucyana, James, “The International Penal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Reconciliation,” International Journal of Refugee Law, v. 8 (Oct. 1996), pp. 622-5.

Carcano, Andrea, “Sentencing and the Gravity of the Offence in International Criminal Law,” The International & Comparative Law Quarterly, v. 51 (July 2002), pp. 585-609.

Carroll, Christina M., “An Assessment of the Role and Effectiveness of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the Rwandan National Justice System in Dealing with the Mass Atrocities of 1994,” Boston University International Law Journal, v. 18 no. 2 (Fall 2000), pp. 163-200.

Cervoni, Rocco P., “Beating Plowshares into Swords—Reconciling the Sovereign Right to Self-determination with Individual Human Rights through an International Criminal Court: The Lessons of the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda as a Frontispiece,” St. John's Journal of Legal Commentary, v. 12 no. 2 (Spring 1997), pp. 477-534.

Cisse, Catherine, “The International Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda: Some Elements of Comparison,” Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems, v. 7 (Spring 1997), pp.103-18.

Copelon, Rhonda, “Gender Crimes as War Crimes: Integrating Crimes against Women
into International Criminal Law,” McGill Law Journal, v. 46 no. 1 (Nov. 2000) pp. 217-40.

Cousineau, Marc, “L'Etablissement De L’Etat De Droit Au Rwanda: Un But Irrealisable,” Ottawa Law Review, v. 28 (1996/1997), pp. 171-190.

Daly, Erin, “Between Punitive and Reconstructive Justice: The Gacaca Courts in Rwanda,” New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, v. 34, no. 2 (Winter 2002), pp. 355-96.

Dieng, Adama, “International Criminal Justice: From Paper to Practice—A Contribution from the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to the Establishment of the International Criminal Court, Fordham International Law Journal, v. 25 no. 3 (Mar. 2002), pp. 688-707.

Dixon, Rod, “Developing International Rules of Evidence for the Yugoslav and Rwanda Tribunals,” Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems, v. 7 (Spring 1997), pp. 81-102.

Dormann, Knut, “Contributions by the Ad Hoc Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda to the Ongoing Work on Elements of Crimes in the Context of the ICC,” 94 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the ASIL (2000), p. 284.

Drumbl, Mark A., “Appeals in the Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals: Structure, Procedure, and Recent Cases, Journal of Appellate Practice and Process, v. 3 no. 2 (Fall 2001), pp. 589-659.

—      “Punishment, Postgenocide: From Guilt to Shame to Civis in Rwanda,” New York University Law Review, v. 75 no. 5 (Nov. 2000), pp. 1221-326.

Endo, Guillaume, “Nullum Crimen Nulla Poena Sine Lege: Principle and the ICTY and ICTR,” Revue Quebecoise de Droit International, v. 15 no. 1 (2002) p. 205-20

Fabian, Kellye L., “Proof and Consequences: An Analysis of the Tadic [Prosecutor v.
Tadic, [1997] 36 I.L.M. 908] & Akayesu [Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T (Sept. 2, 1998)] trials,” DePaul Law Review, v. 49, no. 4 (Summer 2000), pp. 981-1039.

Feil, Scott & Romeo Dallaire, Preventing Genocide: How the Early Use of Force Might Have Succeeded in Rwanda (New York: Carnegie Corporation, 1998)

Furuya, S., “Legal Effect of Rules of the International Criminal Tribunals and Court upon Individuals: Emerging International Law of Direct Effect,” Netherlands International Law Review, v. 2 (2000), pp. 111-145.

Goldstone, Richard, For Humanity: Reflections of a War Crimes Investigator (Yale University Press, 2000)

—      “Conference Luncheon Address [Prosecuting International Crimes: An Inside View: Symposium],” Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems, v. 7 (Spring 1997), pp. 1-13.

Gordon, Melissa, “Justice on Trial: The Efficacy of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,” ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, v. 1 (Spring 1995), pp. 217-42.

Green, Llezlie L., “Gender Hate Propaganda and Sexual Violence in the Rwandan Genocide: An Argument for Intersectionality in International Law,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review, v. 33, no. 3 (Summer 2002), pp. 733-76.

Gunawaradana, Asoka de Z., “Contributions by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to Development of the Definition of Genocide,” American Society of International Law Proceedings, vol. 94 (2000), pp. 277-279.

Gutman, Roy et. al., Crimes of War: What the Public Should Know (W.W. Norton & Co, 1999)

Haile-Mariam, Yacob, “The Quest for Justice and Reconciliation: The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the Ethiopian High Court,” Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, v. 22, no.  4 (Summer 1999), pp. 667-745.

Harhoff, Frederik, “Consonance or Rivalry? Calibrating the Efforts to Prosecute War Crimes in National and International Tribunals,” Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law v. 7 (Spring 1997), pp. 571-96.

Hintjens, Hellen M., “Explaining the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda,” The Journal of Modern African Studies, vol.37, no. 2: pp. 241-286

Howland, Todd, “U.N.’s International Criminal Tribunal, is it Justice or Jingoism for Rwanda—A Call for Transformation,” 39 Vancouver Journal of International Law 135 (1998-1999)

—      “The U.N.’s International Criminal Tribunal, is it Justice or Jingoism for Rwanda?” A Call for Transformation,” Virginia Journal of International Law, v. 39 no. 1 (Fall 1998), pp. 135-67.

Jones, J. R. W. D., The Practice of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda (Ardsley, NY, Transnational Publishers, 2000)

Jorgensen, Nina H.B., “A Reappraisal of the Abandoned Nuremberg Concept of Criminal Organisations in the Context of Justice in Rwanda,” Criminal Law Forum, v. 12, no. 3 (2001), pp. 371-406.

Kamatali, Jean Marie, “Freedom of Expression and its Limitations: The Case of the Rwandan Genocide,” Stanford Journal of International Law, v. 38 no. 1 (Winter 2002), pp. 57-77.

Keller, Andrew N., “Punishment for Violations of International Criminal Law: An Analysis of Sentencing at the ICTY and ICTR,” Indiana International & Comparative Law Review, v. 12 no. 1 (2001), pp. 53-74.

Kimenyi, Alexandre & Scott, Otis L., Anatomy of Genocide: State-sponsored Mass-killings in the Twentieth Century (Lewiston, N.Y.; Queenston, Ont.: E. Mellen Press, 2001)

Kolb, Robert, “The Jurisprudence of the Yugoslav and Rwandan Criminal Tribunals on Their Jurisdiction and on International Crimes,” The British Year Book of International Law, v. 71 (2000), pp. 259-315.

Kuperman, Alan J., The Limits of Humanitarian Intervention: Genocide in Rwanda (Brookings Institution Press, 2001)

Kushen, Robert  & K. J. Harris, “Surrender of Fugitives by the United States to the War Crimes
Tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda,” American Journal of International Law, v. 90 (July 1996), pp. 510-18.

Latarjet, Bernard, Le crime contre l'humanité: origine, état et avenir du droit (Chambéry: Éditions Comp’Act, 1998)

Laviolette, Nicole, “Commanding Rape: Sexual Violence, Command Responsibility, and the Prosecution of Superiors by the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda,” The Canadian Yearbook of International Law, v. 36 (1998), pp. 93-149.

Lyons, Margaret A., “Hearing the Cry without Answering the Call: Rape, Genocide, and the Rwandan Tribunal”, Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, v. 28 (Summer 2001) pp. 99-124.

 Magnarella, Paul J., “Some Milestones and Achievements at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: the 1998 Kambanda [Prosecutor v. Kambanda, Case No. ICTR 97-23-S (Sept. 2, 1998)] and Akayesu [Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR 96-4-T (Sept. 2, 1998)]” Florida Journal of International Law v. 11 no. 3 (Fall 1997), pp. 517-38.

Magnarella, Paul J., “Expanding the Frontiers of Humanitarian Law: The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,” Florida Journal of International Law v. 9 (Fall 1994), pp. 421-41.

Maguire, Linda, “Power Ethnicized: The Pursuit of Protection and Participation in Rwanda and Burundi,” Buffalo Journal of International Law, v. 2 (Spring 1995), pp. 49-90.

Marlin, L. Christian, “Lesson Unlearned: The Unjust Revolution in Rwanda, 1959-1961,” Emory International Law Review, v. 12, no. 3 (1998), pp. 1271-329.

May, Richard & Marieke Wierda, International Criminal Evidence (Ardsley, New York: Transnational Publishers, 2002)

McDonald, Gabrielle Kirk, “Los Tribunales Criminales Internacionales: Crimen y Castigo en el
ambito Internacional,” ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, v. 7, no. 3 (Summer 2001) pp. 805-26.

—     “The International Criminal Tribunals: Crime & Punishment in the International Arena,” Nova Law Review, v. 25 no. 2 (Winter 2001) pp. 463-84

—     “The International Criminal Tribunals: Crime and Punishment in the International Arena,” ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, v. 7, no. 3 (Summer 2001), pp. 667-86.

—      “Crimes of Sexual Violence: The Experience of the International Criminal Tribunal,” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, v. 39, no. 1 (2000), pp. 1-17.

Megret, Frédéric, Le Tribunal Penal International pour le Rwanda (Paris: Pedone, 2002)

Meron, Theodor, “International Criminalization of Internal Atrocities,” American Journal of International Law, v. 89 (July 1995), pp. 554-77.

Mettraux, Guenael, “Crimes against Humanity in the Jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda,” Harvard International Law Journal, v. 43, no. 1 (Winter 2002), pp. 237-316.

Metzl, Jamie Frederic, “Rwandan Genocide and the International Law of Radio Jamming,” American Journal of International Law, v. 91 (Oct. 1997), pp. 628-51.

Moghalu, Kinglsey Chiedu, “Image and Reality of War Cimes Justice: External Perceptions of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,” 26 Fletcher Forum for World Affairs 21 (2002)

Momeni, Mercedeh, “Why Barayagwiza is Boycotting His Trial at the ICTR: Lessons in Balancing Due Process Rights and Politics,” ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, v. 7 no. 2 (Spring 2001) pp. 315-28.

Morris, Madeline H., Morris, Virginia & Michael P. Scharf, The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (Transnational Publishers, 1998)

—      “Justice in the Wake of Genocide: The Case of Rwanda,” ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, v. 3 no. 2 (Winter 1997), pp. 689-96.

—      “The Trials of Concurrent Jurisdiction: The Case of Rwanda,” Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law v. 7 (Spring 1997), pp. 349-74.

Muna, Bernard, “The Rwanda Tribunal and its Relationship to National Trials in Rwanda,” American University International Law Review, v. 13 no. 6 (1998), pp. 1469-93.

Mundis, Daryl A., “Improving the Operation and Functioning of the International Criminal Tribunals,” American Journal of International Law, v. 94 no. 4 (Oct. 2000) pp. 759-73.

Murphy, Sarah, “The Rwanda Tribunal,” The New Zealand Law Journal (Nov. 1998), pp. 399-400.

Murray, Rachel, “The Report of the OAU’s International Panel of Eminent Personalities to Investigate the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda and the Surrounding Events,” Journal of African Law, v. 45 no. 1 (2001) pp. 123-33.

Mutua, Makau wa, “Never Again: Questioning the Yugoslav and Rwanda Tribunals,” Temple International and Comparative Law Journal v. 11 (Spring 1997), pp. 167-87.

Nahapetian, Kate, “Selective Justice: Prosecuting Rape in the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda,” Berkeley Women's Law Journal, v. 14 (1999), pp. 126-35.

Neier, Aryeh, War crimes: Brutality, Genocide, Terror, and the Struggle for Justice (Times Books, 1998)

Nersessian, David L., “The Contours of Genocidal Intent: Troubling Jurisprudence from the International Criminal Tribunals,” Texas International Law Journal, v. 37, no. 2 (Spring 2002), pp. 231-76.

Niang, N. M., “Les obligations du Procureur face à la défense devant le Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda,” 2 Revue de Science Criminelle et de Droit Pénal Comparé 277 (2001)

—      “Le tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda—et si la contumace était possible!”, 2 Revue Générale de Droit International Public 379 (1999)

Nsereko, D.D. Ntanda, “Genocidal Conflict in Rwanda and the ICTR,” Netherlands International Law Review, v. 48, no. 1 (2001), p. 31.

Obote-Odora, Alex, “Drafting of Indictments for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,” Criminal Law Forum v. 12 no. 3 (2001), pp. 335-58.

Osiel, Mark, Mass Atrocity, Collective Memory, and the Law (Transaction Publishers, 1997)

Oswald, B., “Peacekeeping in Rwanda—A Lawyer’s Experience,” Australian Law Journal, v. 70 (Jan. 1996), pp. 69-78.

Paskins, Barrie & James Gow, “The Creation of the International Tribunals from the Perspectives of Pragmatism, Realism, and Liberalism,” International Relations, v. 15, no. 3 (Dec. 2000), p. 11.

Peacock, Dorinda Lea, ““It Happened and It Can Happen Again”: The International Response to Genocide in Rwanda,” The North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation v. 22 (Summer 1997), pp. 899-941.

Pillay, Navanethem, “Prosecution of War Criminals: The International Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and the Need for Permanent International War Crimes Tribunal” (Bryanston, South Africa: Mercuria Publishing, 1996), in: Human Rights: Theories and Practices: Summaries of Lectures (Zimbabwe, African Human Rights Camp, 1996), pp. 90-97.

Popoff, Evo, “Inconsistency and Impunity in International Human Rights Law: Can the International Criminal Court Solve the Problems Raised by the Rwanda and Augusto Pinochet Cases,” George Washington International Law Review, v. 33 no. 2 (2001) pp. 363-95.

Power, Samantha, “A Problem from Hell”: America and the Age of Genocide (Basic Books, 2002)

Prunier, Gérard, The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (London: Hurst and Company, 1998)

Prinz, Barrett, “The Treaty of Versailles to Rwanda: How the International Community Deals with War Crimes,” Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, v. 6 (Spring 1998), pp. 553-82.

Reydams, Luc. “Internal Armed Conflict—Rwanda—War Crimes—Universal Jurisdiction,” American Journal of International Law v. 96 no. 1 (January 2002) p. 231-

Rosenblum, Peter, “Dodging the Challenge,” Harvard Human Rights Journal v. 10 (Spring 1997), pp. 313-31.

Sapru, Tara, “Into the Heart of Darkness: The Case against the Foray of the Security Council Tribunal into the Rwandan Crisis,” Texas International Law Journal v. 32 (Spring 1997), pp. 329-54.

Sarkin, Jeremy, “The Tension between Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda: Politics, Human Rights, Due Process and the Role of the Gacaca Courts in Dealing with the Genocide,” Journal of African Law v. 45 no. 2 (2001), pp. 143-72.

Schabas, William A., “Hate Speech in Rwanda: The Road to Genocide,” McGill Law Journal, v. 46 no. 1 (Nov. 2000), pp. 141-71.

—      “Perverse Effects of the Nulla Poena Principle: National Practice and the Ad Hoc Tribunals,” European Journal of International Law, v. 11 no. 3 (Sept. 2000), pp. 521-39.

—      “Groups Protected by the Genocide Convention: Conflicting Interpretations from the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,” ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, v. 6 no. 2 (Spring 2000), pp. 375-87.

—      “Sentencing by International Tribunals: A Human Rights Approach,” Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law v. 7 (Spring 1997), pp. 461-517.

Sellers, Patricia Viseur, “Arriving at Rwanda: Extension of Sexual Assault Prosecution under the Statutes of the Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals,” 90 American Society International Law. Proceedings 605 (1996)

Sennett Peter H., The United Nations and Rwanda, 1993-1996 (New York: Dept. of Public Information, United Nations, c1996)

—      & G. P. Noone, “Working with Rwanda toward the Domestic Prosecution of Genocide Crimes, St. John’s Journal of Legal Commentary, v. 12 no. 2 (Spring 1997), pp. 425-47.

Shawcross, William, Deliver Us from Evil: Peacekeepers, Warlords, and a World of Endless Conflict (Simon & Schuster, 2000)

Shraga, Daphna, “International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,” 7 European Journal of International Law 501 (1996)

Smith, Shawn, “The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: An Analysis on Jurisdiction,” Thurgood Marshall Law Review, v. 23 no. 1 (Fall 1997), pp. 231-51.

Tebbs, J., Rwanda, War and Peace?! (Nijmegen, Netherlands: Global Law Association, 1999)

Thornton, Brenda Sue, “International Tribunal for Rwanda,” 90 American Society of International Law Proceedings 333 (1996)

Tiefenbrun, Susan W., “The Paradox of International Adjudication: Developments in the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, the World Court, and the International Criminal Court,” The North Carolina Journal of International Law and CommercialRegulation, v. 25 no. 3 (Summer 2000), pp. 551-96.

Tracol, Xavier, “The Appeals Chambers of the International Criminal Tribunals,” Criminal Law Forum, v. 12 no. 2 (2001), pp. 137-65.

Twagilimana, Aimable, Hutu and Tutsi (New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 1998)

United States Department of State, “Human Rights: Department of State Legal Analysis of 1994 Genocide in Rwanda,” 69 American Journal of International Law 258 (January 2002)

Van der Vyver, Johan D., “Prosecution and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide,” Fordham International Law Journal, v. 23 no. 2 (Dec. 1999), pp. 286-356.

Van Lierop, Robert F., “Rwanda Evaluation: Report and Recommendations,” The International Lawyer v. 31 no. 3 (Fall 1997), pp. 887-910.

Verdirame, Guglielmo, “The Genocide Definition in the Jurisprudence of the Ad Hoc Tribunals,” The International & Comparative Law Quarterly, v. 49, no. 3 (July 2000), pp. 578-98.

Von Sternberg, Mark R., “A Comparison of the Yugoslavian and Rwandan War Crimes Tribunals: Universal Jurisdiction and the ‘Elementary Dictates of Humanity’,” Brooklyn Journal of International Law, v. 22 (1996), pp. 111-56.

Wallach, Evan J., “Extradition to the Rwandan War Crimes Tribunal: Is Another Treaty Required?,” 3 UCLA Journal of International Law & Foreign Affairs 59 (1998-1999)

Wang, Mariann Meier, “The International Tribunal for Rwanda: Opportunities for Clarification, Opportunities for Impact,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review, v. 27 (Fall 1995), pp. 177-226.

Wladimiroff, M., “The Assignment of Defence Counsel before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,” 4 Leiden Journal of International Law 957 (1999)

Zakr, N., “Analyse spécifique du crime de génocide dans le Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda,” 2 Revue de Science Criminelle et de Droit Pénal Comparé 263 (2001)

—       “L'imputabilité des faits et actes criminels des subalternes au supérieur hiérarchique devant le Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda,” 1 Revue de Droit Interntional et de Droit Comparé  51 (2001)